自从上一次冰河时期以来，地球上的森林覆盖区域已显著缩减，累计减少了惊人的2000万平方公里，相当于20亿英亩的广袤土地。农业和工业化的快速扩张是这一变化的主要驱动力，尤其值得注意的是，其中一半的森林损失发生在20世纪初的1900年之后。如今，全球森林面积约为4000万平方公里，大约占据地球表面的30%，然而这一分布并不均匀。为了更直观地了解全球森林的分布状况，我们特别以平方公里为单位，通过视觉化的图表展示了森林面积排名前15的国家。这些数据均来源于世界银行，并且最近一次更新日期为2023年10月。

　　Since the last ice age, the forest coverage on Earth has significantly decreased, with a cumulative reduction of an astonishing 20 million square kilometers, equivalent to 2 billion acres of vast land. The rapid expansion of agriculture and industrialization is the main driving force behind this change, and it is particularly noteworthy that half of the forest loss occurred after 1900 in the early 20th century. Nowadays, the global forest area is about 40 million square kilometers, occupying approximately 30% of the Earth's surface, but this distribution is not uniform. In order to gain a more intuitive understanding of the global distribution of forests, we have presented the top 15 countries in terms of forest area in square kilometers through visual charts. These data are all sourced from the World Bank and were last updated in October 2023.

　　不出所料，作为世界面积最大的国家，俄罗斯同样拥有世界最大面积的森林。其国土近半被茂密的森林所覆盖，总面积高达约800万平方公里。令人瞩目的是，除了中国、美国、加拿大、巴西和澳大利亚这五大森林资源丰富的国家外，全世界其余所有国家的森林面积总和，都难以企及俄罗斯的庞大森林面积。这一事实凸显了俄罗斯在全球森林资源中的重要地位，其森林面积占据了全世界总森林面积的五分之一。

　　As expected, as the largest country in the world, Russia also has the largest forest area in the world. Nearly half of its territory is covered by dense forests, with a total area of approximately 8 million square kilometers. Remarkably, except for the five forest rich countries of China, the United States, Canada, Brazil, and Australia, the total forest area of all other countries in the world is difficult to match Russia's vast forest area. This fact highlights Russia's important position in global forest resources, with its forest area accounting for one-fifth of the world's total forest area.

　　俄罗斯的广袤森林主要集中在北部，这些被称为北方森林的区域，适应着该国寒冷而干燥的气候。它们由落叶林和针叶林交织而成，其中不乏落叶松、松树、云杉和橡树等树种。而在全球森林面积的排名中，巴西紧随其后，位列第二。这主要得益于其境内的亚马逊雨林占据了三分之二的面积，其森林总面积接近500万平方公里，约占世界森林总面积的12%。值得一提的是，巴西的森林面积几乎是沙特阿拉伯国土面积的两倍，而后者作为世界面积第十二大的国家，其国土面积与巴西的森林面积相比也显得相形见绌。

　　Russia's vast forests are mainly concentrated in the northern regions, known as the Northern Forests, which are adapted to the country's cold and dry climate. They are interwoven from deciduous and coniferous forests, including species such as larch, pine, spruce, and oak. In the ranking of global forest area, Brazil closely follows, ranking second. This is mainly due to the fact that the Amazon rainforest within its territory occupies two-thirds of the area, with a total forest area of nearly 5 million square kilometers, accounting for about 12% of the world's total forest area. It is worth mentioning that Brazil's forest area is almost twice the land area of Saudi Arabia, which, as the world's twelfth largest country by area, pales in comparison to Brazil's forest area.

　　亚马逊雨林不仅为巴西的森林覆盖量作出了巨大贡献，同时也对秘鲁（排在第10）、哥伦比亚（排在第13）、玻利维亚（排在第14）和委内瑞拉（排在第15）的森林覆盖量带来了显著的贡献。加拿大和美国的森林覆盖面积相近，均达到了300万平方公里，分别位列世界第三和第四。在两国的东西海岸，许多森林跨越了共同边界，共同构筑起壮观的绿色屏障。中国的森林覆盖面积稍微超过200万平方公里，排名世界第五。值得一提的是，俄罗斯、巴西、加拿大、美国和中国这五个国家的森林总面积加在一起，已经超过了世界森林面积的一半。进一步来说，如果我们把森林覆盖面积前十的国家（再加上澳大利亚、刚果民主共和国、印度尼西亚、印度和秘鲁）的森林面积相加，其总和会略高于世界森林覆盖率的三分之二。而当我们把排名扩大到前20位时，这些国家的森林面积总和则达到了全球森林总面积的80%。

　　The Amazon rainforest has not only made significant contributions to the forest coverage of Brazil, but also to the forest coverage of Peru (ranked 10th), Colombia (ranked 13th), Bolivia (ranked 14th), and Venezuela (ranked 15th). Canada and the United States have similar forest coverage areas, both reaching 3 million square kilometers, ranking third and fourth in the world, respectively. On the east and west coasts of the two countries, many forests cross the common border and jointly build magnificent green barriers. China's forest coverage area slightly exceeds 2 million square kilometers, ranking fifth in the world. It is worth mentioning that the total forest area of Russia, Brazil, Canada, the United States, and China combined has exceeded half of the world's forest area. Furthermore, if we add up the forest areas of the top ten countries in terms of forest coverage (plus Australia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Indonesia, India, and Peru), the total would be slightly higher than two-thirds of the world's forest coverage. And when we expand the ranking to the top 20, the total forest area of these countries reaches 80% of the global forest area.

　　天然林与人工林之间存在着显著的差异。原始森林，作为未受到人类活动干扰的森林，相比人工林，拥有更强的碳汇能力和更丰富的生物多样性。以下表格列出了世界各国的天然林（包括原始森林和自然再生林）与人工林的比例。自然再生林是指那些曾经受到人类活动影响，但现在正在逐渐恢复到自然状态的森林。

　　There are significant differences between natural forests and artificial forests. Primitive forests, as undisturbed by human activities, have stronger carbon sequestration capacity and richer biodiversity compared to artificial forests. The following table lists the ratio of natural forests (including primary forests and naturally regenerated forests) to artificial forests in various countries around the world. Natural regeneration forests refer to forests that were once affected by human activities but are gradually recovering to their natural state.

　　在巴林和科威特等极度干旱的国家，无法形成天然林，所有的森林都是人工林。但是，即使在欧洲的大部分地区，人工林的面积也大大超过了原始林和自然再生林。这表明在过去的三个世纪里，欧洲大陆出现过大量的毁林现象，现在这种现象正在逐步得到扭转。在过去的30年，中国增加的森林面积达到了挪威的国土面积，接近40%的中国森林为人工林。专家说，优先考虑的问题应该是扭转森林退化和保护原始森林，而不仅仅是种植新的森林。原始森林储存着大量的碳，一旦被砍伐，这些碳就会释放到大气之中。

　　In extremely arid countries such as Bahrain and Kuwait, natural forests cannot be formed, and all forests are artificial forests. However, even in most parts of Europe, the area of artificial forests greatly exceeds that of primary forests and naturally regenerated forests. This indicates that there has been a significant amount of deforestation on the European continent over the past three centuries, and now this phenomenon is gradually being reversed. In the past 30 years, China has increased its forest area to the size of Norway, with nearly 40% of China's forests being artificial forests. Experts say that the priority should be to reverse forest degradation and protect primary forests, rather than just planting new forests. Primitive forests store a large amount of carbon, which, once cut down, is released into the atmosphere.

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